OpenEdge Development:<br />Internationalizing Applications Progress 4GL

Table A–4: 4GL elements that support internationalization and
localization
4GL element	Description
`ASC` function	Returns the value that a character has in the code page OpenEdge uses (default or the code page that `-cpinternal` specified). You can also specify a target and source code page, so `ASC` converts the value a character has in the source code page to the value it has in the target code page before returning it.
`CAPS` function	Changes any lowercase letters in a character string to uppercase. To do this, OpenEdge uses a case table. Any double-byte characters in a double-byte code page are not changed.
`CHR` function	Returns the character that an integer represents in the code page OpenEdge uses (default or the code page that `-cpinternal` specified). You can also specify a target and source code page, so that `CHR` returns the value in the source code page and returns the character that the value represents in the target code page. Note: Do not use `CHR` for sorting. The code-page value of a character is not the same as its sort weight. The sort weight of a character resides in a collation table for the code page.
`CODEPAGE-CONVERT` function	Converts a string value from one code page into another.
`COLLATE` option on the `FOR` statement, `OPEN` `QUERY` statement, and `PRESELECT` phrase	Generates the collation value of a string after applying a particular strength, and optionally, a particular collation.
`COMPARE` function	Compares two strings after applying a particular strength, and optionally, a particular collation.
`CURRENT-LANGUAGE` function	Returns the value of the `CURRENT-LANGUAGE` variable.
`CURRENT-LANGUAGE` statement	Sets the `CURRENT-LANGUAGE` variable with a string expression for the current OpenEdge session.
`DBCODEPAGE` function	Returns the code page that a connected database uses.
`DBCOLLATION` function	Returns the name of the collation table that a connected database uses.
`ENCODE` function	Encodes a character string. The string can contain multi-byte characters.
`GET-CODEPAGES` function	Returns the list of code pages in the `convmap.cp` file that the current OpenEdge session uses.
`GET-COLLATIONS` function	Returns the list of collation tables in the `convmap.cp` file that the current OpenEdge session uses.
`LANGUAGES` option of the `COMPILE` statement	Specifies which languages to generate text segments in r-code. At compilation, OpenEdge reads translated strings from the translation databases that you provide. The r-code has a text segment for each language.
`LC` function	Changes any uppercase letters in a character string to lowercase. OpenEdge uses a case table for this operation.
`NUMERIC-DECIMAL-POINT` attribute of the `SESSION` system handle	The character that separates the integer portion and the fractional portion of a decimal value.
`NUMERIC-FORMAT` attribute of the `SESSION` system handle	`AMERICAN`, `EUROPEAN`, or a character string consisting of the thousands separator followed by the fractional separator.
`NUMERIC-SEPARATOR` attribute of the `SESSION` system handle	The character that separates each group of three digits in a number.
`RCODE-INFO` handle	The `RCODE-INFO` handle has two useful attributes for international applications: `CODEPAGE`, which returns the code page with which the r-code is labelled (that is, the `-cpinternal` value when the r-code was compiled), and `LANGUAGES`, which returns the languages for which there are text segments.
`SESSION` handle	The `SESSION` handle has many attributes that indicate code-page setting and the numeric and date formats that the current OpenEdge session uses.
`SET-NUMERIC-FORMAT` method of the `SESSION` system handle	Sets the `NUMERIC-SEPARATOR` and `NUMERIC-DECIMAL` attributes to arbitrary values simultaneously.

Table A–5: 4GL elements that support multi-byte characters
4GL element	Description/Multi-byte support
`APPLY` statement	Performs the function of a specified key. The expression you `APPLY` can contain multi-byte characters.
`ASC` function	You can specify source and target code pages. If you do, `ASC` converts the value from source to target before returning it to you. Code pages can be multi-byte. For a double-byte character, `ASC` returns a value between 256 and 65,535. For a UTF-8 character up to 3 bytes, `ASC` returns a value between 65,536 and 15,712,191. For a Unicode supplementary character (4 bytes), `ASC` returns a negative integer between -191,905,857 and -258,965,376. For an invalid character, `ASC` returns -1.
`BEGINS` operator	Tests a character expression to see whether it begins with a second character expression. Both expressions can contain multi-byte characters.
`CAPS` function	Changes any lowercase letters in a character string to uppercase. Any double-byte characters in a double-byte code page are not changed. Any UTF-8 character up to 3 bytes is subject to upper easing.
`CHR` function	You can specify source and target code pages. If you do, `CHR` converts the value from source to target before returning it to you. Code pages can be multi-byte. For values between 256 and 44,103,061,439, inclusive, `CHR` returns a character, if the value represents a valid combination of lead and trail bytes. For values not representing valid combinations of lead and trail bytes, `CHR` returns a null string. For double-byte characters, you can run `CHR` on one byte at a time. For Unicode supplementary characters, `CHR` can accept as input: The large decimal values obtained from the 4-byte UTF-8 characters ranging from 0xF0809090 to 0xF48FBFBF. The negative integer values returned by `ASC` for Unicode supplementary characters. Hex values (such as 0xF0809090).
`CODEPAGE-CONVERT` function	Converts a string value from one code page into another.
`ENCODE` function	Encodes a source character string and returns the encoded character string result. The source string can contain multi-byte characters. Note: If the `ENCODE` function processes a string under one code page and then processes the same string under a different code page, the results might not match. For more information, see the `ENCODE` function reference entry in the OpenEdge Development: Progress 4GL Reference .
`ENTRY` function	Returns a character string entry from a character-delimited list based on an integer position. The string can contain multi-byte characters since `ENTRY` determines the location based on a unit of measure in characters.
`ENTRY` statement	Sets an element in a character-delimited list of strings to a value. All strings and character separators can contain multi-byte characters.
`FILL` function	Generates a character string made up of a character string repeated a number of times. Both strings can contain multi-byte characters.
`FORMAT` phrase	Specifies the display format of, among other things, character strings. For a field containing multi-byte characters, you can specify the width in columns.
`INDEX` function	Returns an integer that indicates the character position of the target string within the source string. The strings can contain multi-byte characters.
`IS-LEAD-BYTE` function	Returns `TRUE` if the first byte of a string is valid as a lead byte of a multi-byte character. It returns `FALSE` if the first byte of a string is not valid as a lead byte.
`LASTKEY` function	Returns the integer code of the most recent key sequence returned from the keyboard buffer. A key sequence is the set of keystrokes necessary to send one character or function key to the application. The `LASTKEY` values are available only after the Input Method Editor places the data in the keyboard buffer.
`LC` function	Changes any uppercase letters in a character string to lowercase. Any double-byte characters in the string are not changed.
`LEFT-TRIM` function	Removes specified leading characters in a character string. The string and trimmed characters can contain multi-byte characters.
`LENGTH` function	Returns the number of characters or bytes in a string. You can set the unit of measure to characters, bytes, or columns.
`LOOKUP` function	Returns an integer that indicates the position of an expression in a list. It returns a 0 if the expression is not in the list. The list, expression, and delimiter can contain multi-byte characters.
`MATCHES` operator	Compares a character expression to a pattern and returns a `TRUE` value if the expression satisfies the pattern criteria. The expression and pattern can contain multi-byte characters.
`NUM-ENTRIES` function	Returns the number of items in a character-delimited list of strings. All strings can contain multi-byte characters.
`OVERLAY` statement	Overlays a character expression in a field or variable starting at a given position, and optionally for a given length. You can set the unit of measure to characters, bytes, or columns.
`R-INDEX` function	Returns an integer that indicates the position of the target string within the source string. The search is performed right to left. Both strings can contain multi-byte characters.
`READKEY` statement	Reads one key sequence from an input source and sets the value of `READKEY` to the keycode of that key sequence. `READKEY` and `LASTKEY` values are available only after the Input Method Editor places the data in the keyboard buffer. (A key sequence is the set of keystrokes necessary to send one character or function key to the application.)
`REPLACE` function	Lets you replace a substring with another substring. Both substrings can contain multi-byte characters.
`RIGHT-TRIM` function	Removes specified trailing characters from a character string. The string and trimmed characters can contain multi-byte characters.
`SEARCH` function	Searches the directories and libraries defined in the `PROPATH` environment variable for a file. The `opsys-file` can contain multi-byte characters.
`STRING` function	Converts a source value of any data type to a character value. The source value can contain multi-byte characters.
`SUBSTITUTE` function	Returns a character string that is made up of a base string plus substitute arguments in the string. The base string and arguments can contain multi-byte characters.
`SUBSTRING` function	Extracts a position of a character string from a field or variable. You can set the unit of measure to characters, bytes, or columns.
`SUBSTRING` statement	Replaces characters in a field or variable with an expression you specify. You can replace the lead bytes or trail byte of the source string. You can set the unit of measure to characters, bytes, or columns.
`TRIM` function	Removes leading and trailing single-byte spaces in a character string. The string and trimmed characters can contain multi-byte characters.